TUBERCULOSE EM POVOS INDÍGENAS DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA: UM ESTUDO ECOLÓGICO, 2001 A 2022.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern among Indigenous peoples in the Legal Amazon. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of TB indicators within this population from 2001 to 2022. An analysis of data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) was conducted, including new TB cases among self-reported Indigenous individuals. Indicators were calculated, and temporal trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression. A total of 9,245 cases were registered among Indigenous residents in the Legal Amazon. Males predominated in 2001 (61.2%) and 2022 (56.8%), except in 2019, when females exceeded males (51.6% vs. 48.4%). TB detection significantly decreased between 2001 and 2022 (Average Annual Percent Change – AAPC = -2.7%; 95% Confidence Interval – CI: -3.6 to -1.7). A considerable decline in incidence was observed among Indigenous populations in Rondônia, Acre, Amazonas, and Tocantins with (Annual Percent Change – APC = -7.4%; CI: -1.0 to -4.8) (APC = -3.2%; CI: -5.4 to -0.9) (APC = -4.1%; CI: -4.9 to -3.3%), and (APC = -3.3%; CI: -5.8 to -0.7), respectively. Conversely, a significant increase occurred in Mato Grosso from 2012 to 2015 (APC = 46.6%; CI: -28.4 to 200.0). TB incidence remains high among Indigenous peoples in the Legal Amazon compared to the general population of the region and Brazil, despite declining trends between 2001 and 2022.